Workplace Bullying :Shape up or Ship Out

In these times of global unemployment crises, a job is not just a means of survival but a way of living with dignity and honour. However, things turnaround for significant percentage of working population all over the globe and they don’t find in work what they originally joined it for. The workplace gets hostile to them, people behave aggressively, they feel harassment …. They get bullied. In this study we try to show how big a menace the workplace bullying is. We focus on its devastating effects on the lives of people and the organizational culture. By taking suitable examples from various researches, books, magazines, essays, government reports, NGOs and other highly accepted online sources, we try to show how lethal it could be for an organization if it gives in to the disease of workplace bullying. The study suggests some measures about how management can exercise control and ensure the work environment becomes appealing and result in the better productivity and profitability. Our study is driven by the belief that bullying of every kind needs to be stopped at every level and employees be given the relaxed and dignified workplace to work at. This reading should serve as a motivational tool for the organizations where bullying of any sort is prevalent, to check , control and make sure the employees are taking pride in being part of their work culture. Further, the reader shall gain the significant understanding of people involved in this act and effects it may have on the lives of victims and organizational efficiency.

Proximity and Remoteness in Graphs: a survey

The proximity $\pi = \pi (G)$ of a connected graph $G$ is the minimum, over all vertices, of the average distance from a vertex to all others. Similarly, the maximum is called the remoteness and denoted by $\rho = \rho (G)$. The concepts of proximity and remoteness, first defined in 2006, attracted the attention of several researchers in Graph Theory. Their investigation led to a considerable number of publications. In this paper, we present a survey of the research work.Comment: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1204.1184 by other author

Child Labour in the Cotton Industry of Uzbekistan: A Sociological Study

Uzbekistan, with its enormous potential of natural resources like oil, natural gas, water, gold and minerals, has made it as one of the most potential investment countries in the globalized world after its separation from Soviet Union. The available natural resources have not been exploited yet by the state of Uzbekistan due to its lack of skilled manpower, sophisticated technology and marketization which could have sustained the ever growing population of the country if utilized properly. On the other hand agriculture which comprises around 40 percent of GDP (Gross Domestic Product) of Uzbekistan has turned black and white from coloured in the Post-Soviet era due to the decline in the sophisticated technology and manpower put into place and practice by the Russians. And the cotton industry, which constitutes around 47 percent of the agricultural production of Uzbekistan, gives billions of dollars in annual return. Due to the downsizing of skilled manpower and technology the cotton cultivation which was earlier in the pre-Soviet era practised by machines is now done by hand and often with the use of school children. Uzbekistan- the fifth largest exporter and second largest producer of cotton in the world- mostly cultivates cotton by the dint of child labour- mainly school children. From the first week of September every year schools are closed down for two to three months and all the children and teachers, irrespective of age and gender, are ordered by the autocratic state administration to take part in cotton-picking. Daily quotas are assigned to everyone by the supervisors and farm directors and those who do not meet the set quotas are bound to face punishment. The forced labour of children by the state of Uzbekistan is unique in its dimension and magnitude in the sense that in the rest of the world there are reasons like poverty, illiteracy etc. responsible for child labour but in Uzbekistan it is completely state-controlled to meet the totalitarian interests. Though the magnitude of the problem has been expanding in that more and more children turn to be working children, the amount of attention that the problem receives from the government and various non-governmental agencies is not in tune with its size because the tender-aged school going boys and girls who are part of the problem are not in a position to present their case before the concerned authorities as the administration in itself is fully responsible for this inhuman institution of child labour in Uzbekistan. Thus, the traditional nature of the problem becomes a limiting factor for its solution. 7 Amidst the plethora of literature on working children, the present work on the same subject is distinguished by its extensiveness and holistic treatment. Not only that a considerable number of child labourers were interviewed but their employers and parents were also interviewed to make the study multidimensional in character. In-depth interviews of human rights activists, senior citizens, government officials and social workers were also taken into consideration to make the findings of the study more viable. The case studies at the end of the findings chapter help to provide a holistic picture of the problem. I am sure this work will provide a very valuable addition to the existing literature on child labour in the cotton industry of Uzbekistan, besides being useful to those directly working with such children

On ABC energy and its application to anticancer drugs

For a simple connected graph $\Gamma$ with node set $V(\Gamma) = \{w_{1}, w_{2}, \dots, w_{n}\}$ and degree sequence $d_{i}$, the atom-bond connectivity ($ABC$) matrix of $\Gamma$ has an $(ij)$-th entry $\sqrt{\frac{d_{i}+d_{j}-2}{d_{i}d_{j}}}$ if $w_{i}$ is adjacent to $w_{j}$ and $0$, otherwise. The multiset of all eigenvalues of $ABC$ matrix is known as the $ABC$ spectrum and their absolute sum is known as the $ABC$ energy of $\Gamma.$ Two graphs of same order are known as $ABC$ equienergetic if they have the same $ABC$ energy but share different $ABC$ spectrum. We describe the $ABC$ spectrum of some special graph operations and as an application, we construct the $ABC$ equienergetic graphs. Further, we give linear regression analysis of $ABC$ index/energy with the physical properties of anticancer drugs. We observe that they are better correlated with $ABC$-energy

Quantum Field Theory in de Sitter spacetime

In this paper we will analyse quantum field theory on de Sitter spacetime. We will analyse a general scalar and vector field theory on de Sitter spacetime. This is done by first calculating these propagators on four-Sphere and then analytically continuing it to de Sitter spacetime

Chitosan nanoparticles: a versatile platform for biomedical applications

Chitosan is a biodegradable and biocompatible natural polymer that has been extensively explored in recent decades. The Food and Drug Administration has approved chitosan for wound treatment and nutritional use. Furthermore, chitosan has paved the way for advancements in different biomedical applications including as a nanocarrier and tissue-engineering scaffold. Its antibacterial, antioxidant, and haemostatic properties make it an excellent option for wound dressings. Because of its hydrophilic nature, chitosan is an ideal starting material for biocompatible and biodegradable hydrogels. To suit specific application demands, chitosan can be combined with fillers, such as hydroxyapatite, to modify the mechanical characteristics of pH-sensitive hydrogels. Furthermore, the cationic characteristics of chitosan have made it a popular choice for gene delivery and cancer therapy. Thus, the use of chitosan nanoparticles in developing novel drug delivery systems has received special attention. This review aims to provide an overview of chitosan-based nanoparticles, focusing on their versatile properties and different applications in biomedical sciences and engineering.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Sombor spectra of chain graphs

We study the Sombor index and the Sombor spectral properties of chain graphs. In particular, an explicit formula for the Sombor index is given, the Sombor eigenvalues are discussed, bounds on the largest and the smallest Sombor eigenvalues are presented, chain graphs with the simple Sombor eigenvalue are characterized, formulae for the Frobenius norm and the determinant of the Sombor quotient matrix of chain graphs are given, the Sombor spread bound and the Sombor energy bounds are presented along with the characterization of graphs attaining them

Inverse Sum Indeg Index (Energy) with Applications to Anticancer Drugs

For a simple graph with vertex set {v1,v2,…,vn} with degree sequence dvi of vertex vi,i=1,2,…,n, the inverse sum indeg matrix (ISI-matrix) AISI(G)=(aij)n×n of G is defined by aij=dvidvjdvi+dvj, if vi is adjacent to vj, and zero, otherwise. The multiset of eigenvalues of AISI(G) is the ISI-spectrum of G and the sum of their absolute values is the ISI-energy of G. In this paper, we modify the two results of (Li, Ye and Broersma, 2022), give the correct characterization of the extremal graphs and thereby obtain better bounds than the already known results. Moreover, we also discuss the QSPR analysis and carry the statistical modelling (linear, logarithmic and quadratic) of the physicochemical properties of anticancer drugs with the ISI-index (energy)

Inverse Sum Indeg Index (Energy) with Applications to Anticancer Drugs

For a simple graph with vertex set {v1,v2,…,vn} with degree sequence dvi of vertex vi,i=1,2,…,n, the inverse sum indeg matrix (ISI-matrix) AISI(G)=(aij)n×n of G is defined by aij=dvidvjdvi+dvj, if vi is adjacent to vj, and zero, otherwise. The multiset of eigenvalues of AISI(G) is the ISI-spectrum of G and the sum of their absolute values is the ISI-energy of G. In this paper, we modify the two results of (Li, Ye and Broersma, 2022), give the correct characterization of the extremal graphs and thereby obtain better bounds than the already known results. Moreover, we also discuss the QSPR analysis and carry the statistical modelling (linear, logarithmic and quadratic) of the physicochemical properties of anticancer drugs with the ISI-index (energy)